Online Master’s in Digital Forensics Programs
Digital forensics is the investigative branch of cybersecurity. Professionals in the field use their technical knowledge of computer operating systems, databases, networks, and mobile devices to solve cyber-related crimes; assist in civil and criminal legal cases; and investigate anomalies, outages, and data security breaches. Digital forensics specialists also support broader cybersecurity objectives for businesses, government organizations, and law enforcement agencies, commonly working with teams of other security professionals to shore up digital networks, test cyber defenses, and craft policy around the safe and secure use of digital technologies.
Online master’s in digital forensics programs offer graduate training in the tools, technologies, and techniques professionals rely on to identify, interpret and properly preserve digital evidence. Students in these programs study the principles of digital crime investigations and learn how to use forensic software applications and anomaly detection tools in real-world situations involving criminal and civil litigation, compliance reviews, and internal organizational inquiries. These programs are designed for recent college graduates with a bachelor’s degree and technically inclined mid-career professionals who want to pursue a career in digital forensics.
There are several accredited colleges and universities in the U.S. that offer online master’s programs in digital forensics or online master’s in cybersecurity programs with a specialization in digital forensics. These programs are typically offered through a school or department of computer science, criminal justice, cybersecurity, engineering, or professional studies. The majority of online programs use the same curriculum as campus-based programs, but are generally more flexible as they do not require students to commute to campus for lectures and discussion sections. Online students can review coursework and complete assignments from any location with an Internet connection.
For students who do not live near a college or university that offers a master’s program in digital forensics, online programs provide students with access to earning a graduate degree in the field without having to relocate. They also extend a school’s reach to students who do not live or work within commuting distance to their campus. To facilitate the online learning experience, distance education programs use internet-based learning management systems to stream lectures and virtual class sessions, deliver learning materials, and provide online students with a platform to complete assignments, interact with instructors, and take exams.Students who pursue their degree online can often earn their degree 100% online without having to attend any in-person sessions, However, some schools require students to attend a limited number of campus visits while earning their degree, typically for workshops, seminars, and other types of hands-on learning activities that benefit from in-person, face-to-face instruction.
Students interested in pursuing graduate studies in digital forensics are commonly required to have some prior technical training in and/or experience with digital technologies. While many programs do not require applicants to hold an undergraduate degree in computer science or criminal justice, a bachelor’s degree is required, and some programs require applicants to have completed bachelor’s-level prerequisites in information technology systems and/or the sociology of criminal behavior. There are also programs that require or prefer applicants to have majored in computer science or a cyber-related discipline.
Elements of a Master’s in Digital Forensics Program
Digital forensics is an interdisciplinary field grounded in theories and practices of cybersecurity and criminal justice. Master’s students delve into both subject areas, taking courses in digital systems security, criminology, and the tools and technologies used to conduct computer-related criminal investigations. While curricula vary by school and by program, master’s programs in digital forensics can generally be broken down into three primary elements: 1) Technical training in the systems, networks, and devices that comprise digital infrastructure; 2) Instruction in civil and criminal investigative processes and procedures; and 3) Specialized coursework in software tools and coding techniques used to identify, analyze, and preserve potential evidence stored in hard drives, databases, web browsers, operating system logs, personal devices, and other digital systems.
Foundational topics for the advanced study of digital forensics include theories of cybersecurity, classifications of common cyber breaches and attack modalities, and protocols for securing digital networks and devices. Core curricula for master’s programs in this field allow students to apply the aforementioned theories, classifications, and protocols/methodologies to explore the cyber threat ecosystem. Through their coursework, students learn about rogue hackers and state-based actors, various types of digital evidence, and the technologies deployed to spot system anomalies in order to extract and preserve data and other digital artifacts during an investigation. Students also become adept at presenting evidence using technical and non-technical language in order to help authorities identify potential perpetrators.
In addition to general training, many master programs in digital forensics incorporate specializations either through elective coursework or designated concentrations in distinct areas of professional practice. Digital forensics specializations include, but are not limited to, cloud-based computing, malware analysis, mobile devices, network forensics, and cyber law. Digital forensics is also offered as a designated specialization or concentration in some master’s in cybersecurity programs. A master’s in cybersecurity program with a specialization in digital forensics generally provides the equivalent master’s-level training when compared to a master’s in digital forensics program. However, students should compare the curricula of the programs they are considering to ensure they apply to programs that will provide the training necessary to meet their career goals.
Master’s in Digital Forensics programs generally consist of between ten and 12 courses, or 30-36 graduate credits. Students enrolled full-time can typically earn their master’s degree in one to two years. Part-time students, depending on the number of courses they take per term, generally earn their degree in two to three years. Required credit hours may include field-based internships and/or an applied capstone project, but these typically do not add to the time it takes to earn a degree. There are also programs that use a cohort model where students enter and proceed through the program as a group. For these types of programs, students are typically expected to take a specific number of courses each term. [It is important to note that students who do not have a technical background may be required to complete prerequisite courses which can extend the time it takes to earn a degree.]
Note: For in-depth information on cybersecurity master’s programs, refer to our online Master’s in Cybersecurity and Cyber Defense programs page. There are also master’s programs that focus on cyber policy and governance. For more information on these programs, see our online Master’s in Cyber Governance, Risk, and Compliance programs page.
Master’s in Digital Forensics Courses
While there are variations in course titles and subject matter across online digital forensics master’s program curricula, the discipline is defined by concepts, practices, technologies, and techniques that comprise a shared body of knowledge and proficiencies. The list below provides a representative overview of required and elective courses offered by actual online digital forensics programs.
- Foundations of Computer and Digital Forensics: An overview of the field of digital forensics and its professional practice from a historical perspective and in the context of how digital investigations have evolved with technology. Students learn how digital evidence is handled and processed in order to maintain the proper chain of custody. Topics include online evidence collection, incident response, legal frameworks for digital investigations, cyberattack modalities, and specialized tools and methodologies used in cyber investigations.
- Computer System and Device Forensics: An introduction to proper investigative methodologies for the examination of computer systems including proper collection techniques, drive and media imaging tools, and common analysis and reporting methods. Students are introduced to hardware and software frequently used in criminal and civil investigations, as well as various operating systems, with a focus on Windows, macOS, and Chrome OS.
- Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Requirements in Digital Forensic Investigations: Students learn to apply appropriate legal and ethical frameworks and processes in the conduct of investigating and reporting cybercrimes and in the collection and preservation of digital evidence. Topics include federal, state, and international regulations and statutes on expert witnesses, search warrants, digital evidence standards, codes of ethics, and breach notification requirements.
- Digital Evidence: An examination of the processes used to identify relevant digital evidence and use appropriate tools and techniques to support cybercrime investigations. Students learn how to extract data from computer files, mobile phones, databases, and electronic documents; secure digital evidence; and perform root cause analyses.
- Case Management and Reporting: Students learn how to create, manage, and update digital forensic cases in collaboration with other investigators. Coursework focuses on case management tools, malware information sharing platforms, and digital forensics terminology.
- Ethical Hacking and Cyber Law: Students cultivate a deep understanding of the legal frameworks and ethical guardrails governing cyber investigations and learn to use ethical hacking tools and techniques in the conduct of digital forensics and cyber investigations.
- Presenting Digital Evidence: An examination of various techniques for the preparation and presentation of digital evidence to legal authorities and in trial settings in ways that non-technical investigators, prosecutors, judges, and juries can understand.
- Digital Forensics Software: A survey of common software tools used by digital forensics investigators to identify, analyze and preserve evidence. Students may learn how to use FTK Imager, Magnet Encrypted Disk Detector, OS Forensics Volatility Workbench, Kali Linux, Reg Ripper, Network Miner, and/or Wireshark in the conduct of digital investigations.
- Digital Forensics Scripting: A lab course in which students learn to write basic Python scripts and interpret code in other languages that are used in the practice of digital forensics, including EnCase, enscript, Perl, Microsoft Powershell, and UNIX shell script.
- Operating System Analysis: Students focus on identifying and preserving digital evidence on PCs and servers using The Sleuth Kit open-source toolkit and Volatility memory forensics software, while learning about forensic techniques designed for workstation and mobile device operating systems. Some courses also include instruction on investigating cloud-based computing and virtualization environments.
Earning and Master’s in Digital Forensics Online
Online degree programs provide all or most of their required coursework, including lectures, assignments, and exams, via internet-based digital platforms commonly referred to as learning management systems (LMSs). Students in online programs log on to the program’s LMS to view live-streamed and/or pre-recorded lectures, participate in virtual class meetings, engage in online discussion forums, and complete labs and other assignments. However, the online learning experience can vary by program based on several key structural elements, such as the incorporation of a limited number of on-campus residency sessions, the use of synchronous versus asynchronous instruction, and the availability of full-time, part-time, and/or flexible enrollment options. It is important that prospective applicants understand these program variations in order to select an online program that best aligns with their preferred learning style.
Synchronous and asynchronous instruction represent the two primary course-delivery modes for online coursework. Instruction that takes place in real-time, including virtual class meetings and live-streamed online lectures, are examples of synchronous instruction. Programs that live-stream campus-based classes for online students is another example of synchronous instruction. In order to participate in an online program that utilizes synchronous instruction, students must align their schedule with virtual classes and be prepared to log on to a program’s LMS at specific times. Many programs schedule synchronous classes in the early mornings, evenings, or on weekends so working professionals can attend. Programs that utilize synchronous instruction often record lectures for students who have to miss a lecture due to personal or professional obligations.
Instructional activities that do not have a real-time component, such as homework, prerecorded lectures, and training modules that can be accessed through an LMS 24-7, are classified as asynchronous instruction. Students in online programs that only use asynchronous instruction are typically given detailed syllabi for each course to ensure they know when to review course materials, submit assignments, and prepare for exams. In order to ensure students stay engaged with class materials, courses that use asynchronous instruction often require students to participate in weekly online discussion forums, and many instructors hold live online office hours for students who need help with course content. Online students can also send their instructors questions through email or a program’s LMS.
Both modes of instruction are commonly used for online programs and both require students to have strong time management skills. While there are pros and cons to each type of instruction method, synchronous instruction provides a more structured learning environment and may be preferred by students who desire more personal interactions and the ability to ask questions in real-time. Asynchronous instruction provides more flexibility as students can review course materials at any time, day or night. Students should consider their preferred learning style and choose a program that offers a method that best aligns with that style. It is important to note that master’s programs are rigorous, whether they are offered online or on-campus, especially for students who intend to work while pursuing their degree.
While many online master’s in digital forensics programs are fully online and do not require any campus visits, some online programs require students to attend a limited number of in-person visits on campus or at a location relevant to the degree program. Programs that require three or fewer campus visits per year are classified as online programs on CyberSecurityDegree.com. Therefore, programs that require one, two, or three campus visits per year are still classified as online programs. Programs that require students to attend four or more in-person sessions per year are classified as hybrid programs and are not included on the site. In-person sessions, which may be called immersions or residencies, typically include orientations, workshops, labs, or other activities that benefit from having students together in one physical location.
Campus visits are generally short in length, lasting two to five days per session, and many programs schedule residencies during the summer months, over long weekends, or during holidays breaks to make it easier for working professionals to attend. Students who would like the opportunity to meet their instructors and classmates face-to-face should look for programs that require campus visits. However, campus visits can add to the overall costs of an online program, especially for students who do not live within driving distance to their school’s campus. Therefore, students should confirm whether or not a program requires any in-person visits before applying.
Online Master’s in Digital Forensics Admissions Requirements
Online master’s programs are graduate degree programs that require, at a minimum, applicants to hold a bachelor’s degree from an accredited college or university. Some online master’s in digital forensics programs require applicants to hold an undergraduate degree in computer science, cybersecurity, information technology, or a related technical field, or have extensive programming and technical experience. Programs that consider applicants with a bachelor’s degree in any field often require students to complete prerequisite courses in cybersecurity, information technology, or mathematics before starting their master’s program, if they have not already taken foundational courses in these areas.
The application process for online master’s programs is fairly standard. Applicants must typically fill out an online application and arrange to have their academic transcripts (e.g., bachelors and masters, if applicable) submitted to a program’s admissions office. Most programs have additional admissions requirements, which vary by school and program. For example, some programs ask applicants to submit scores from the GRE exam, while other programs do not require any standardized test scores, make their submission optional, or waive the requirement based on an applicant’s undergraduate GPA or if they have already earned a master’s degree in another field. Many programs, including programs that do not have any prerequisite undergraduate coursework, require or prefer applicants to have a minimum undergraduate GPA, typically 2.5, 2.75, 3.0, or higher on a four-point scale.
Additional application requirements may include letters of recommendation, written answers to one or more essay prompts, a personal goals statement, an application fee, and/or a professional resume. Programs may also conduct in-person or live video interviews with candidates as part of the admissions process.
Securing admission to an online master’s in digital forensics program can be a competitive process and many schools have selective admissions policies, which means even if an applicant meets the requirements for admission, they may not be accepted into the program. It is not uncommon for graduate programs to receive double, triple, or even ten times more applications than they have space for students in a particular admissions cycle. It is thus advisable to review a program’s admission requirements and deadlines carefully prior to applying. Applicants should be clear in their application materials about why they want to enroll in the program.
Applicants should also consider reaching out to program directors for more information about the programs they are considering to discuss admissions requirements and their chances of admission based on their academic and professional background, as well as make personal connections with program administrators and program faculty. This can help applicants stand out during the admissions process. Unlike undergraduate programs where some schools receive over one hundred thousand applications, the number of applicants to graduate programs is often much fewer, giving graduate admissions committees more time to review each application holistically, and to have individual conversations with prospective students who reach out to discuss program options.
While some programs only accept students for the fall semester, many programs admit students multiple times throughout the year. There are programs that have fall, spring, and summer admissions, and there are programs that have six or more start dates per year. There are also programs that have rolling admissions, which means they review applications as they are received instead of waiting for an admissions deadline to start reviewing all of the applications at the same time. For programs that use rolling admissions, students are advised to apply as early as possible as cohorts can fill up before the application deadline.
